ASTM D854
Full Name
ASTM D854 – Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer
Scope
ASTM D854 outlines the procedures for determining the specific gravity of soil solids using the water displacement method. Specific gravity, a crucial parameter in geotechnical engineering, represents the ratio of the density of soil solids to the density of water at a specific temperature. This standard provides two methods for determining specific gravity:
- Method A: utilizes a calibrated pycnometer to measure the volume of water displaced by a known mass of dry soil. This method is generally suitable for fine-grained soils that can be readily dispersed in water.
- Method B: employs a flask or graduated cylinder to measure the volume of water displaced by a known mass of dry soil. This method is often preferred for coarse-grained soils or soils that may not disperse well in water.
Key aspects of the standard:
- Sample preparation: the standard describes procedures for oven-drying soil samples to obtain the mass of dry solids. It also addresses the removal of entrapped air, which is essential for accurate volume determination.
- Temperature control: the temperature of the water used in the test must be carefully controlled and recorded, as it affects the density of water and thus the specific gravity calculation.
- Calculations: the standard provides detailed formulas for calculating specific gravity based on the measured mass and volume data.
- Reporting: the test report should include the specific gravity value, the test method used (method A or B), the temperature of the test, and any observations made during the procedure.
Specific gravity is a fundamental property used in various geotechnical calculations, including:
- determination of void ratio and porosity of soils
- calculation of unit weight and dry unit weight
- evaluation of soil phase relationships
- assessment of soil permeability and settlement characteristics
- design of earthworks and foundations
ASTM D854 Accredited Laboratory
Applied Testing & Geosciences, LLC is accredited for performing tests using the ASTM D854 standard.
Contact us today to discuss your soil testing needs and learn how our expertise can contribute to the success of your project.
Resources
Keywords
specific gravity; soil solids; water displacement; pycnometer; density; void ratio; porosity; unit weight; soil phase relationships; permeability; settlement; earthworks; foundations; mass; volume